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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">av</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Abanico veterinario</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Abanico vet</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2007-428X</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2448-6132</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sergio Martínez González</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21929/abavet2019.926</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="other">00126</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Artículo originales</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Suplementación con zinc orgánico y rendimiento productivo de cerdos en ambiente caluroso</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1805-5264</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Romo-Valdez</surname>
						<given-names>Juan</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9424-3235</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Romo-Valdez</surname>
						<given-names>Ana</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8836-4591</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Montero-Pardo</surname>
						<given-names>Arnulfo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8812-2683</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Urías- Castro</surname>
						<given-names>Christian</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1129-3016</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Güémez-Gaxiola</surname>
						<given-names>Héctor</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2364-2554</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Romo-Rubio</surname>
						<given-names>Javier</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">*</xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. romo_14@hotmail.com, e.ana.romo@uas.edu.mx, arnulfomp@hotmail.com, el_magnum1@hotmail.com, hectorguem@gmail.com, romo60@uas.edu.mx</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<city>Culiacán</city>
						<state>Sinaloa</state>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="MX">Mexico</country>
					<email>romo_14@hotmail.com</email>
					<email>e.ana.romo@uas.edu.mx</email>
					<email>arnulfomp@hotmail.com</email>
					<email>el_magnum1@hotmail.com</email>
					<email>hectorguem@gmail.com</email>
					<email>romo60@uas.edu.mx</email>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">*Autor responsable y de correspondencia: Romo-Rubio Javier. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Boulevard San Ángel s/n, Colonia San Benito, Culiacán de Rosales, Sinaloa, México; CP 80246.</corresp>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>30</day>
				<month>07</month>
				<year>2021</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2019</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>9</volume>
			<elocation-id>e926</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>28</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2019</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>26</day>
					<month>11</month>
					<year>2019</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="pub">
					<day>15</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2019</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="es">
					<license-p>Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>RESUMEN</title>
				<p>Con el objetivo de evaluar la influencia de la suplementación con zinc orgánico en el rendimiento de los cerdos en desarrollo en ambiente caluroso (t 30.4°C; HR de 73% y THI 82), se usaron 96 cerdos de 84 d de edad (33.8 ± DE 0.96 kg de p.v.) en un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Los tratamientos fueron: Testigo (n = 24), dieta de desarrollo basada en maíz/soya; 2) Testigo más 120 ppm de Zn/kg de MS; 3) Testigo más 240 ppm de Zn/kg de MS, y 4) Testigo más 360 ppm de Zn orgánico/kg de MS. El zinc se proporcionó como metionina de zinc (ZnMet). Los cerdos, en grupos de ocho (4 machos y 4 hembras), fueron colocados en 12 corrales (3 por tratamiento). El corral fue la unidad experimental. Los cerdos se pesaron los días 1 y 42; el consumo de alimento, la temperatura del aire y la humedad relativa (HR) se registraron diariamente. Los resultados se analizaron mediante ANDEVA (p &lt;0.05) y la influencia del nivel de Zn en la respuesta productiva se exploró mediante polinomios ortogonales. Se observaron respuestas cuadráticas al nivel de suplementación con Zn en el peso final (P = 0.05), ganancia diaria de peso (P = 0.03) y consumo diario de alimento (P = 0.05). La conversión alimenticia tendió (P = 0.08) a mejorar linealmente a medida que se incrementó el nivel de Zn, con valores medios de 2.97, 2.83, 2.90 y 2.70 kg de alimento/kg de ganancia, para el testigo, 120 ZnM, 240 ZnM y 360 ZnM, respectivamente. Los resultados indican que el consumo de dietas suplementadas con Zn mejora la conversión alimenticia de los cerdos durante la etapa de desarrollo, bajo condiciones de ambiente cálido.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="es">
				<title>Palabras clave:</title>
				<kwd>metionina de zinc</kwd>
				<kwd>cerdo</kwd>
				<kwd>rendimiento productivo</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="6"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="26"/>
				<page-count count="0"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>INTRODUCCIÓN</title>
			<p>El estrés por calor produce alteraciones en el sistema metabólico (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Baumgard y Rhoads, 2013</xref>); estas incluyen la disminución en la liberación de hormonas tiroideas y de crecimiento, que disminuye la tasa metabólica basal (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Aggarwal y Upadhyay, 2013</xref>), que afecta la expresión de genes y proteínas implicados en el metabolismo de la energía y los nutrientes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Sanz-Fernandez <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>). El zinc es un mineral traza con importancia comprobada para la función de más de 300 enzimas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Chasapis <italic>et al</italic>., 2012</xref>). La acción metabólica de Zn incluye el metabolismo energético, síntesis de proteínas, metabolismo de los ácidos nucleicos, integridad del tejido epitelial, reparación y la división celular, transporte y utilización de vitamina A y la absorción de vitamina E (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Borah <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>).</p>
			<p>Se ha demostrado que las dietas suplementadas con Zn mejora y previene la reducción de la integridad intestinal durante el estrés por calor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Sanz-Fernandez <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>), disminuye la permeabilidad intestinal de los lechones durante el destete (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Zhang y Guo, 2009</xref>), promueve la restauración del epitelio intestinal (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">Song <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>) y mejora el metabolismo de las proteínas en cerdos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Pearce <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>). Debido a que los requerimientos de Zn aumentan durante el estrés por calor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Lagana <italic>et al</italic>., 2007</xref>), se ha sugerido que la suplementación con Zn podría utilizarse para atenuar la disminución de Zn sérico durante periodos de altas temperaturas ambientales (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Li <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>).</p>
			<p>Las dietas para cerdos generalmente se complementan con Zn inorgánico (ZnSO<sub>4</sub> o ZnO) para asegurar la demanda requerida. El ZnSO<sub>4</sub> es la fuente inorgánica con la mayor biodisponibilidad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">NRC, 2012</xref>); sin embargo, en condiciones fisiológicas normales y con una ingesta adecuada, aparentemente se absorbe sólo del 5 al 15% de la dieta (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">McDowell, 2003</xref>).</p>
			<p>En los últimos años, se ha explorado el uso de fuentes orgánicas de Zn, debido a su mayor biodisponibilidad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Sahin <italic>et al</italic>., 2005</xref>).</p>
			<p>El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la suplementación con zinc orgánico, a partir de metionina de zinc, en el rendimiento de los cerdos en desarrollo en condiciones de clima cálido.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="materials|methods">
			<title>MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS</title>
			<p>El estudio se realizó de Agosto a Octubre de 2016 en la Unidad Experimental de Cerdos de Engorde de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, localizada en la granja porcina “La Huerta”, ubicada en el municipio de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México (24 ° 49 '38 &quot;N y 107 ° 22' 47&quot; O, y 60 msnm); con temperatura ambiental media anual de 25 °C y 790 mm de lluvia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">INEGI, 2013</xref>).</p>
			<p><bold>Diseño experimental.</bold> Noventa y seis cerdos de 84 días de edad (48 machos y 48 hembras; 33.8 ± DE 0.96 kg p.v.) se utilizaron en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar (DBCA). Los cerdos se pesaron individualmente; fueron agrupados en tres bloques por peso inicial y sexo, y en grupos de ocho (4 machos y 4 hembras); los cerdos se colocaron en 4 corrales por bloque.</p>
			<p>El corral fue la unidad experimental. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta basada en harina de maíz y soya (ver <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">tabla 1</xref>), con aporte nutricional según la etapa de producción (testigo); Testigo más 120 ppm de Zn orgánico/kg de MS (120 ZnM); 3) Testigo más 240 ppm de Zn orgánico/kg de MS (240 ZnM), y 4) Testigo más 360 ppm de Zn orgánico/kg (360 ZnM).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Tabla 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Composición e información nutricional de la dieta utilizada en la etapa de desarrollo </title>
					</caption>
					<table style="border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0">
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: left;">Ingredientes (kg)</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Desarrollo</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Maíz</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">749</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Pasta de soya</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">217</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Aceite</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Premezcla mineral</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">25</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td colspan="3" style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">Aporte nutrimental</td></tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">E.M.(Mcal Kg<sup>-1</sup>)</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3.351</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Proteína (%)</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">16.702</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Lisina (%)</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.052</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Fibra (%)</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">2.524</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Fósforo (%)</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.520</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Calcio (%)</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.570</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: left;"><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>Zinc (ppm)</td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"></td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">120.28</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1">
							<p>*Contenido de Zn de la dieta testigo, aportado por la premezcla mineral como ZnO.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>El zinc orgánico se proporcionó como metionina de zinc (ZnMet) de la premezcla Zinpro 120 (Zinpro® 120, contiene 12% de Zn y 27.3% de metionina; Metionina de zinc Patente en EU No. 4,764,633 y 5,430,164; oficio de liberación México: B00.02.08.02.02.0398/11)</p>
			<p><bold>Manejo de animales.</bold> Los cerdos se pesaron, identificaron y se agruparon en grupos de ocho en corrales de 7 x 1.5 m (10.5 m<sup>2</sup>), que incluye 1.5 m<sup>2</sup> de charca; con piso de concreto y completamente techados, equipados con comedero de plástico tipo tolva con chupón metálico integrado. Los cerdos tuvieron acceso permanente a agua y alimento a libre acceso. Los animales se pesaron al inicio (día 0) y 42 días después de comenzar la prueba, para determinar la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) en el periodo de estudio. Se registró el alimento ofrecido a los cerdos de cada corral y al final del periodo se determinó el consumo diario de alimento (CDA). Sobre la base de CDA y GDP, se calculó la conversión de alimentación (CA = CDA/GDP).</p>
			<p><bold>Medición de la temperatura y humedad relativa.</bold> Los datos de temperatura (t °C) y humedad relativa (HR, %) se tomaron con un termo higrómetro, ubicado dentro de la unidad experimental, y se registraron diariamente durante el periodo experimental (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">tabla 2</xref>). El índice de temperatura y humedad (THI) se calculó utilizando la fórmula THI = [0.8 x temperatura ambiente] + [(% HR/100) x (temperatura ambiente - 14.4)] + 46.4 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Mader <italic>et al</italic>., 2006</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>Tabla 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Índice de temperatura y humedad (THI) al que estuvieron expuestos los cerdos durante el periodo experimental</title>
					</caption>
					<table style="border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0">
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Semana</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">HR<break/> Prom.</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Temp.<break/> Prom. .(°C)</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Temp<break/> Min (°C)</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Tem<break/> Max (°C)</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">THI<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2"><sup>1</sup></xref><break/> Prom.</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">THI.<break/> Min</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">THI.<break/> Max</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.4</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">30.0</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">25.0</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">35.0</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">81.85</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">74.18</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">89.60</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">2</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">71.0</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">31.1</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.6</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">37.6</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">83.13</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.32</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">92.95</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">72.8</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">30.2</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.9</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">35.5</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">82.06</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">77.60</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">90.16</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">4</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">76.1</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">30.4</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.0</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">34.8</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">82.89</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">72.90</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">89.76</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">5</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.7</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">30.0</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.4</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">35.6</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">81.89</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.29</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">86.50</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">6</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">71.4</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">31.0</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.8</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">37.2</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">83.05</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.66</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">92.40</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Promedio</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">73.06</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">30.45</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24.61</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">35.95</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">82.47</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">74.15</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">90.22</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN2">
							<label>1</label>
							<p>Índice de temperatura y humedad (THI) = 0.8 × Temperatura ambiente + [(% humedad relativa ÷ 100) × (temperatura ambiente − 14.4)] + 46.4. THI rangos (normal THI &lt;74; alerta 75 a 79; peligro 79 a 84; y emergencia &gt;84).</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p><bold>Análisis estadístico.</bold> Los resultados fueron analizados por ANDEVA (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Steel y Torrie, 1985</xref>) para un DBCA. La influencia del nivel de Zn en la respuesta productiva fue explorada por polinomios ortogonales. Se estableció un valor alfa de 0.05 para aceptar diferencia estadística y cada corral se consideró como la unidad experimental. Todos los cálculos se realizaron utilizando la versión 8 de paquete estadístico Statistix® Statistical.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>RESULTADOS</title>
			<p>Durante el periodo experimental, la temperatura promedio fue de 30.4°C; humedad relativa 73%, y THI de 82. Los resultados de la influencia de la adición de Zn a partir de ZnMet en la respuesta productiva de los cerdos en desarrollo se muestran en la <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">tabla 3</xref>. Los cerdos alimentados con dietas suplementadas con Zn (ZnMet) tuvieron una mejor conversión alimenticia (P = 0.05). Se observaron respuestas cuadráticas al nivel de suplementación con Zn orgánico en el peso final (P = 0.05), ganancia de peso (P = 0.03) y consumo de alimento (P = 0.05). La conversión alimenticia tendió (P = 0.08) a mejorar linealmente a medida que aumentaba el nivel de Zn orgánico.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t3">
					<label>Tabla 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Influencia del nivel adicional de Zn a partir de metionina de zinc en la productividad de cerdos en desarrollo</title>
					</caption>
					<table style="border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0">
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Variable</td>
								<td colspan="4" style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Nivel adicional de Zn, mg/kg</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">EEM<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3"><sup>1</sup></xref></td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Valor de P</td>
								<td colspan="3" style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Polinomios</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">120</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">240</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">360</td>
								<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Lineal</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Cuadrático</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Cúbico</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: left;">Cerdos</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24</td>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Corrales, n</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Días en prueba</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">42</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">42</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">42</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">42</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Peso inicial, kg</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">33.700</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">34.033</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">33.700</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">33.700</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.144</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.35</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.62</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.29</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.17</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Peso final t, kg</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">59.233<sup>ab</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">56.733<sup>b</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">57.933<sup>b</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">61.767<sup>a</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.291</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.09</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.18</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.05</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.86</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;"><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">GDP<sup>2</sup></xref>, kg</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.608<sup>ab</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.541<sup>b</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.577<sup>ab</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.669<sup>a</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.029</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.05</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.13</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.03</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.73</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">CDA<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3"><sup>3</sup></xref>, kg</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.814<sup>a</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.536<sup>b</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.673<sup>ab</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.802<sup>ab</sup></td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.087</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.06</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.81</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.05</td>
								<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.31</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: left;">CA<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3"><sup>4</sup></xref></td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">2.967<sup>a</sup></td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">2.833<sup>ab</sup></td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">2.900<sup>ab</sup></td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">2.700<sup>b</sup></td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.080</td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.05</td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.08</td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.69</td>
								<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.23</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN3">
							<label>1</label>
							<p>Error estándar de la media; 2Ganancia diaria de peso; 3Consumo diario de alimento; 4Conversión alimenticia.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>DISCUSIÓN</title>
			<p>Las altas temperaturas ambientales pueden afectar negativamente a los animales (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Chauhan <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>); éstas, por sí solas pueden ser mortales, pero en muchas áreas, la alta humedad relativa también contribuye significativamente a elevar la sensación de calor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Parsons, 1995</xref>). Las condiciones cálidas y húmedas durante el verano, implica cierto riesgo de que los cerdos se vean afectados por el estrés calórico (EC).</p>
			<p>En el presente estudio, los animales experimentales estuvieron expuestos a una temperatura promedio y humedad relativa de 30.4 ° C y 73% HR, respectivamente, durante 42 días; lo que de acuerdo con <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Mader <italic>et al.</italic> (2006)</xref>, los cerdos estuvieron bajo riesgo de EC en un rango de peligro a emergencia fisiológica, con un THI entre 74.15 y 90.22 y promedio diario de 82.47 (ver <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">tabla 2</xref>).</p>
			<p>La alta temperatura ambiente disminuye las concentraciones plasmáticas de Ca, K, Na y Zn en animales sometidos a EC (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Pearce <italic>et al</italic>., 2013</xref>); debido a que los requerimientos de Zn aumentan durante el EC (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Lagana <italic>et al</italic>., 2007</xref>). Se ha sugerido que la suplementación con Zn podría utilizarse para atenuar la disminución sérica de Zn durante los periodos de altas temperaturas ambientales (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Li <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>).</p>
			<p>En codornices japonesas bajo condiciones de EC, la suplementación con ZnSO<sub>4</sub> mejoró el consumo de alimento, producción de huevos, calidad del huevo, eficiencia de la alimentación y la digestibilidad de los nutrientes (Sahin y <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Kucuk, 2003</xref>).</p>
			<p>En pollos de engorda, la suplementación con ZnSO<sub>4</sub> mejoró la ganancia de peso y la conversión alimenticia, al tiempo que redujo el estrés oxidativo (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Kucuk <italic>et al</italic>., 2003</xref>). También, se ha observado mejora en la función de la barrera intestinal, cuando los cerdos son suplementados con Zn durante el EC (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Sanz-Fernandez <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>).</p>
			<p>En el presente estudio, los cerdos alimentados con una dieta suplementada con Zn (ZnMet), a niveles de 120, 240 y 360 mg/kg de MS, tuvieron una mejor conversión alimenticia; mostrando una respuesta cuadrática en el consumo de alimento, ganancia diaria de peso y peso final; en tanto que la conversión alimenticia tuvo una tendencia lineal. Estos resultados son similares a los observados por <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Li <italic>et al</italic>. (2015)</xref> en cerdos alimentados con una dieta suplementada con 1,500 mg de Zn (ZnSO<sub>4</sub>) en condiciones de EC (40°C durante 5 h diarias en un periodo de 8 días consecutivos). Otros estudios también han sugerido que el consumo de dietas adicionadas con Zn inorgánico, a niveles farmacológicos, mejora la respuesta productiva de los cerdos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Carlson <italic>et al</italic>., 1999</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Mavromichalis <italic>et al</italic>., 2001</xref>).</p>
			<p>La dieta utilizada en el presente estudio contenía 120.28 mg Zn/kg de MS, a partir de Zn inorgánico, aportado por la premezcla mineral. El <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">NRC (2012)</xref> recomienda un aporte de 60 mg de Zn/kg de alimento para cerdos de 20-50 kg de peso vivo, y 50 mg de Zn/kg de alimento para cerdos de 50-110 kg de peso vivo. La fuente suplementaria generalmente ha sido Zn inorgánico a partir de ZnSO<sub>4</sub> o ZnO, siendo la fuente inorgánica de ZnSO<sub>4</sub> la de mayor biodisponibilidad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">NRC, 2012</xref>). Sin embargo, en condiciones fisiológicas normales y con la ingesta adecuada, sólo del 5 al 15% del Zn de la dieta es aparentemente absorbido (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">McDowell, 2003</xref>); lo que sugiere que sólo entre 6.01 y 18.04 mg del Zn aportado por kg de alimento es absorbido por el cerdo en condiciones normales. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Li <italic>et al</italic>. (2015)</xref> observaron que la exposición a estrés calórico disminuye la concentración sérica de zinc en cerdos miniatura; también se ha sugerido que el estrés oxidativo puede contribuir a la deficiencia de micronutrientes al aumentar la demanda de antioxidantes, incluidos Zn, selenio y vitaminas A, C y E (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Sappey <italic>et al</italic>., 1994</xref>); lo que pudiera explicar, la mejora observada en la conversión alimenticia en los cerdos que consumieron alimento adicionado con Zn orgánico.</p>
			<p>Los resultados del presente estudio indican que la suplementación con 360 mg de Zn (ZnMet)/kg de MS, mejora (P = 0.5) la conversión alimenticia de los cerdos en desarrollo en estrés calórico.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>CONCLUSIÓN</title>
			<p>El consumo de dietas suplementadas con 360 mg de Zn/kg de MS, a partir de metionina de zinc, mejora la conversión alimenticia de los cerdos en desarrollo, criados en condiciones ambientales con alta carga calórica.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Original articles</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Organic zinc supplementation and pigs productive performance in warm environment</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">*Responsible and correspondence author: Romo-Rubio Javier. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa; Boulevard San Ángel s/n, Colonia San Benito, Culiacán de Rosales, Sinaloa, Mexico; CP 80246. </corresp>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>In order to evaluate the influence of organic zinc supplementation on the performance of developing pigs in a warm environment (t 30.4 °C, RH of 73% and THI 82), 96 pigs of 84 d of age were used (33.8±0.96 kg of live weight) in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were: 1) Control (n=24), corn/soybean- based developing pig diet; 2) Control plus 120 ppm Zn/kg of DM; 3) Control plus 240 ppm Zn/kg of DM, and 4) Control plus 360 ppm organic Zn/kg of DM. Zinc was provided as zinc methionine (ZnMet). The pigs in groups of eight (4 males and 4 females) were placed in 12 pens (3 per treatment). The pen was the experimental unit. The pigs were weighed on days 1 and 42; fed intake, air temperature, and RH were recorded daily. The results were analyzed by ANOVA (p&lt;0.05) and the influence of the Zn level on the productive response was explored by orthogonal polynomials. Quadratic responses were observed at the Zn supplementation level in the final weight (P=0.05), daily weight gain (P=0.03) and daily feed intake (P=0.05). The feed conversion tended (P=0.08) to improve linearly as the Zn level increased, with mean values of 2.97, 2.83, 2.90 and 2.70 kg of feed/kg of gain, for Control, 120 ZnM, 240 ZnM, and 360 ZnM, respectively. The results indicate that the diets intake supplemented with Zn improves the feed conversion of pigs during the development stage, under warm environment condition.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>zinc methionine</kwd>
				<kwd>pig</kwd>
				<kwd>productive performance</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>INTRODUCTION</title>
				<p>Heat stress causes alterations in the metabolic system (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Baumgard y Rhoads, 2013</xref>). These include the decrease in the release of thyroid and growth hormones, which decreases the basal metabolic rate (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Aggarwal y Upadhyay, 2013</xref>), which affects the expression of genes and proteins involved in the metabolism of energy and nutrients (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Sanz-Fernandez <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>). Zinc is a trace mineral with proven importance for the function of more than 300 enzymes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Chasapis <italic>et al</italic>., 2012</xref>). The metabolic action of Zn includes energy metabolism, protein synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, epithelial tissue integrity, repair and cell division, transport and utilization of vitamin A and vitamin E absorption (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Borah <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>).</p>
				<p>It has been shown that diets supplemented with Zn improves and prevents the reduction of intestinal integrity during heat stress (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Sanz-Fernandez <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>), decreases the intestinal permeability of piglets during weaning (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Zhang y Guo, 2009</xref>), promotes the restoration of the intestinal epithelium (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">Song <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>) and improves the metabolism of proteins in pigs (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Pearce <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>). Because Zn requirements increase during heat stress (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Lagana <italic>et al</italic>., 2007</xref>), it has been suggested that Zn supplementation could be used to attenuate the decrease in serum Zn during periods of high ambient temperatures (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Li <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>).</p>
				<p>Pig diets are usually supplemented with inorganic Zn (ZnSO<sub>4</sub> or ZnO) to ensure the required demand. ZnSO<sub>4</sub> is the inorganic source with the highest bioavailability (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">NRC, 2012</xref>); however, under normal physiological conditions and with adequate intake, only 5 to 15% of the diet is apparently absorbed (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">McDowell, 2003</xref>).</p>
				<p>In recent years, the use of organic sources of Zn has been explored, due to its greater bioavailability (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Sahin <italic>et al</italic>., 2005</xref>).</p>
				<p>The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of organic zinc supplementation, from zinc methionine, on the performance of developing pigs in warm weather conditions.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="materials|methods">
				<title>MATERIAL AND METHODS</title>
				<p>The study was carried out from August to October 2016 in the Experimental Unit of Fattening Pigs of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, located in the pig farm &quot;La Huerta&quot;, located in the municipality of Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico (24° 49' 38&quot; N and 107° 22' 47&quot; W, and 60 meters above sea level); with an average annual ambient temperature of 25 °C and 790 mm of rain (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">INEGI, 2013</xref>).</p>
				<p><bold>Experimental design.</bold> Ninety-six 84-day-old pigs (48 males and 48 females; 33.8±SD 0.96 kg l.w) were used in a randomized complete block experimental design (DBCA). Pigs were weighed individually; they were grouped into three blocks by initial weight and sex, and in groups of eight (4 males and 4 females); the pigs were placed in 4 pens per block.</p>
				<p>The pen was the experimental unit. The treatments were: 1) diet based on meal of corn and soybean (see <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">table 1</xref>), with nutritional contribution according to the production stage (control); 2) Control plus 120 ppm of organic Zn/kg of DM (120 ZnM); 3) Control plus 240 ppm of organic Zn/kg of DM (240 ZnM), and 4) Control plus 360 ppm of organic Zn/kg (360 ZnM).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t4">
						<label>Table 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Composition and nutritional information of the diet used in the development stage</title>
						</caption>
						<table style="border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0">
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: left;"><bold>Ingredients (kg)</bold></td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"><bold>Development</bold></td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Corn</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">749</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Soybean Paste</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">217</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Oil</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Mineral premix</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">25</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td colspan="3" style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">Nutritional contribution</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">E.M.(Mcal Kg<sup>-1</sup>)</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3.351</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Protein (%)</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">16.702</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Lysine (%)</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.052</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Fiber (%)</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">2.524</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Phosphorus (%)</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.520</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Calcium (%)</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.570</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: left;"><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">
										*</xref>Zinc (ppm)</td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">120.28</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN4">
								<p>* Zn content of the control diet, provided by the mineral premix such as ZnO.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>Organic zinc was provided as zinc methionine (ZnMet) of the Zinpro 120 premix (Zinpro® 120, contains 12% of Zn and 27.3% of methionine; Zinc methionine in US Patent Nu. 4,764,633 and 5,430,164; Mexico release office: B00.02.08.02.02.0398/11)</p>
				<p><bold>Animal handling</bold> Pigs were weighed, identified and grouped into groups of eight in 7x1.5 m (10.5 m2) pens, which includes 1.5 m<sup>2</sup> of pond; with concrete floor and completely roofed, equipped with plastic feeder type hopper with integrated metal pacifier. Pigs had permanent access to water and food freely available. The animals were weighed at the beginning (day 0) and 42 days after starting the test, to determine the daily weight gain (DWG) in the study period. The food offered to the pigs of each pen was recorded and at the end of the period the daily feed consumption (DFC) was determined. On the basis of DFC and DWG, the feed conversion (FC=DFC/DWG) was calculated.</p>
				<p><bold>Measurement of temperature and relative humidity.</bold> The temperature (t °C) and relative humidity (RH, %) data were taken with a thermo hygrometer, located inside the experimental unit, and recorded daily during the experimental period (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 2</xref>). The temperature and humidity index (THI) was calculated using the formula THI= [0.8 x room temperature] + [(% RH/100) x (room temperature-14.4)] + 46.4 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Mader <italic>et al</italic>., 2006</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t5">
						<label>Table 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Temperature and humidity index (THI) to which the pigs were exposed during the experimental period</title>
						</caption>
						<table style="border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0">
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Week</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Aver<break/> RH</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Aver Temp.<break/> .(°C)</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Min Temp<break/> (°C)</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Max Tem<break/> (°C)</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Aver THI<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">
										<sup>1</sup></xref></td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Min THI.</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top;">Max<break/> THI.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td colspan="8" style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.4</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">30.0</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">25.0</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">35.0</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">81.85</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">74.18</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">89.60</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">2</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">71.0</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">31.1</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.6</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">37.6</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">83.13</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.32</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">92.95</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">72.8</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">30.2</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.9</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">35.5</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">82.06</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">77.60</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">90.16</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">4</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">76.1</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">30.4</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.0</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">34.8</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">82.89</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">72.90</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">89.76</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">5</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.7</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">30.0</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.4</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">35.6</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">81.89</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.29</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">86.50</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">6</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">71.4</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">31.0</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">24.8</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">37.2</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">83.05</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">73.66</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">92.40</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Average</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">73.06</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">30.45</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24.61</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">35.95</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">82.47</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">74.15</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">90.22</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN5">
								<label>1</label>
								<p>Temperature and humidity index (THI) = 0.8 × Room Temperature + [(% relative humidity ÷ 100) × (room temperature − 14.4)] + 46.4. THI ranges (normal THI &lt;74; alert 75 a 79; danger 79 a 84; and emergency &gt;84). 1</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p><bold>Statistical analysis.</bold> The results were analyzed by ANDEVA (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Steel y Torrie, 1985</xref>) for a DBCA. The influence of the Zn level in the productive response was explored by orthogonal polynomials. An alpha value of 0.05 was established to accept statistical difference and each pen was considered as the experimental unit. All calculations were performed using version 8 of the Statistix® Statistical, statistical package.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>RESULTS</title>
				<p>During the experimental period, the average temperature was 30.4 °C; relative humidity 73%, and THI of 82. The results of the influence of the addition of Zn from ZnMet on the productive response of developing pigs are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table 3</xref>. Pigs fed diets supplemented with Zn (ZnMet) had a better feed conversion (P=0.05). Quadratic responses to the level of organic Zn supplementation were observed in the final weight (P=0.05), weight gain (P=0.03) and food consumption (P=0.05). The feed conversion tended (P=0.08) to improve linearly as the level of organic Zn increased.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t6">
						<label>Table 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Influence of the additional level of Zn from zinc methionine on the productivity of developing pigs</title>
						</caption>
						<table style="order=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0">
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Variable</td>
									<td colspan="4" style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Additional level of Zn, mg/kg</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">EEM<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">
										<sup>1</sup></xref></td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Value of P</td>
									<td colspan="3" style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Polynomials</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">120</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">240</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">360</td>
									<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Linear</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Quadratic</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">Cubic</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: left;">Pigs</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">24</td>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;"/>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Pens, n</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">3</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Days of trial</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">42</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">42</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">42</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">42</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;"/>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Initial weight, kg</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">33.700</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">34.033</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">33.700</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">33.700</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.144</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.35</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.62</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.29</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.17</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">Final weight, kg</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">59.233<sup>ab</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">56.733<sup>b</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">57.933<sup>b</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">61.767<sup>a</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.291</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.09</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.18</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.05</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.86</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">DWG<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">
										<sup>2</sup></xref>, kg</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.608<sup>ab</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.541<sup>b</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.577<sup>ab</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.669<sup>a</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.029</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.05</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.13</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.03</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.73</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: left;">DFC<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">
										<sup>3</sup></xref>, kg</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.814<sup>a</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.536<sup>b</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.673<sup>ab</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">1.802<sup>ab</sup></td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.087</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.06</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.81</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.05</td>
									<td style="border-style: none; text-align: center;">0.31</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: left;">FC<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">
										<sup>4</sup></xref></td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">2.967<sup>a</sup></td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">2.833<sup>ab</sup></td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">2.900<sup>ab</sup></td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">2.700<sup>b</sup></td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.080</td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.05</td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.08</td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.69</td>
									<td style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; text-align: center;">0.23</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN6">
								<p><sup>1</sup>Standard error of the mean; <sup>2</sup>Daily weight gain; <sup>3</sup>Daily consumption of food; <sup>4</sup>Food conversion.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>DISCUSSION</title>
				<p>High ambient temperatures can negatively affect animals (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Chauhan <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>); these, by themselves, can be fatal, but in many areas, high relative humidity also contributes significantly to raising the sensation of heat (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Parsons, 1995</xref>). The hot and humid conditions during the summer, implies a certain risk that the pigs will be affected by heat stress (HS).</p>
				<p>In the present study, experimental animals were exposed to an average temperature and relative humidity of 30.4 °C and 73% RH, respectively, for 42 days; which according to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Mader <italic>et al.</italic> (2006)</xref>, pigs were at risk of HS in a range of physiological emergency danger, with a THI between 74.15 and 90.22 and a daily average of 82.47 (see <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">table 2</xref>).</p>
				<p>The high ambient temperature decreases the plasma concentrations of Ca, K, Na and Zn in animals undergoing HS (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Pearce <italic>et al</italic>., 2013</xref>); because the Zn requirements increase during the HS (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Lagana <italic>et al</italic>., 2007</xref>). It has been suggested that Zn supplementation could be used to attenuate the serum decrease of Zn during periods of high ambient temperatures (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Li <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>).</p>
				<p>In Japanese quails under HS conditions, ZnSO<sub>4</sub> supplementation improved food consumption, egg production, egg quality, feeding efficiency and nutrient digestibility (Sahin y <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Kucuk, 2003</xref>).</p>
				<p>In broilers, supplementation with ZnSO<sub>4</sub> improved weight gain and feed conversion, while reducing oxidative stress (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Kucuk <italic>et al</italic>., 2003</xref>). Also, improvement in the function of the intestinal barrier has been observed, when pigs are supplemented with Zn during HS (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Sanz-Fernandez <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>).</p>
				<p>In the present study, pigs fed a diet supplemented with Zn (ZnMet), at levels of 120, 240 and 360 mg/kg DM, had a better feed conversion; showing a quadratic response in food consumption, daily weight gain and final weight; while food conversion had a linear trend. These results are similar to those observed by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Li <italic>et al</italic>. (2015)</xref> in pigs fed a diet supplemented with 1,500 mg of Zn (ZnSO<sub>4</sub>) under HS conditions (40 °C for 5 h daily in a period of 8 consecutive days). Other studies have also suggested that the consumption of diets added with inorganic Zn, at pharmacological levels, improves the productive response of pigs (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Carlson <italic>et al</italic>., 1999</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Mavromichalis <italic>et al</italic>., 2001</xref>).</p>
				<p>The diet used in the present study contained 120.28 mg Zn/kg DM, from inorganic Zn, contributed by the mineral premix. The <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">NRC (2012)</xref> recommends a contribution of 60 mg of Zn/kg of feed for pigs of 20-50 kg of live weight, and 50 mg of Zn/kg of feed for pigs of 50-110 kg of live weight. The supplementary source has generally been inorganic Zn from ZnSO<sub>4</sub> or ZnO, the inorganic source of ZnSO4 being the most bioavailable (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">NRC, 2012</xref>). However, under normal physiological conditions and with adequate intake, only 5 to 15% of the diet Zn is apparently absorbed (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">McDowell, 2003</xref>); which suggests that only between 6.01 and 18.04 mg of the Zn contributed per kg of feed is absorbed by the pig under normal conditions. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Li <italic>et al</italic>. (2015)</xref> observed that exposure to caloric stress decreases serum zinc concentration in miniature pigs; it has also been suggested that oxidative stress may contribute to micronutrient deficiency by increasing the demand for antioxidants, including Zn, selenium and vitamins A, C and E (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Sappey <italic>et al</italic>., 1994</xref>); what it could explain, the improvement observed in feed conversion in pigs that consumed feed added with organic Zn.</p>
				<p>The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with 360 mg of Zn (ZnMet)/kg of DM improves (P=0.5) the nutritional conversion of developing pigs into heat stress.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>CONCLUSION</title>
				<p>The consumption of diets supplemented with 360 mg of Zn/kg of DM, from zinc methionine, improves the nutritional conversion of the pigs in development, raised in environmental conditions with high heat stress.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
	</sub-article>
</article>